Erectile Dysfunction

The issue of premature ejaculation (PE) is one which is often confused with erectile dysfunction (ED). These are two separate issues in Men’s Health.

Erectile Dysfunction is defined as the inability to achieve or sustain an erection for satisfactory sexual activity.

ED can be a total inability to achieve erection, an inconsistent ability to do so, or a tendency to sustain only brief erections. The cause of ED basically comes down to blood flow into the penis. This blood flow can be restricted by physical causes such as diabetes or by psychological causes such as stress or anxiety.

Premature Ejaculation is not a blood flow issue but rather an issue with ejaculatory control. There is a lack of a universally agreed definition of what exactly premature ejaculation is, a factor which has hampered its treatment.

Definitions of premature ejaculation have ranged from "coming within six thrusts" to "coming within two minutes" and even "coming before your partner". A simpler definition is that if you come before you want to and you feel you're not able to control it, then you're suffering from premature ejaculation.

Most men will come sooner than they'd like on some occasions, particularly if under stress or in situations of very high excitement. However, if you are unable to control when you come more than 50 per cent of the time, then it becomes a problem.

PE can be caused by medical and medicational problems but generally it is down to a man not knowing when the signals come through that he's going to climax.

The standard sexual therapy technique for curing premature ejaculation is called sensate focus or ‘the stop start technique’, where you are training him first by helping himself, then by introducing a partner, to recognise those signals and to be relaxed enough to notice them.

It involves the practice of stimulating yourself to the point just before ejaculation, then stop and start again when the sensations have subsided. It's a straightforward not all that long procedure but it has to be introduced and monitored by a therapist.

By the way, a direct and gentle stimulation of male organ almost always causes erection. This is borne out of a relax action and may occur in sleep. Erection may be caused without any rubbing just by erotic thoughts even. In the early morning it may be aroused because of the urge to urinate. Most such erections terminate without any discharge.

Ejaculation is the culmination of sexual stimulation in man. Having entered the vagina, the most sensitive nerve endings of which the penis is made up, become tense and excited on account of the friction against the walls of vagina, it may experience further fanned by the secretion of fluids in the vagina.

To and fro movements add on the arousal. The tension gets higher and higher till it reaches the climax to explode and get released. This process of the climax and the release of the seminal fluids is known as ejaculation.

At the time of climatic height and orgasm the seminal discharge takes place. Just as the first menses indicates the onset of puberty in a girl, in a boy the first ejaculation marks the entrance into adolescence.


Suffering From Weak Erection?

There are many reasons for weak erection. One may be venus leakage, a physiological condition in which there is leakage of blood flow (which creates an erection) out of the penis resulting in a wilting erection.

Other reasons include tiredness and fatigue which cause focus problems during sex. Excessive drinking and even overeating have also been linked with a man's inability to maintain an erection. Anxieties, whether related to business or money can rob a man of his good sexual feelings and keep him distracted.

we can divide it to become 2 main causes, such as:


PHYSICAL CAUSES

Erection problems can occur because of disorders in the nervous system sending impulses to the genital area, problems with the blood supply to the penis and anatomical problems in the penis or genital area. Specific causes can be:

- Accidents, stroke, surgery or tumours hurting brain areas or areas in the spinal cord responsible for erection impulses.

- Multiple sclerosis, a disease hurting the isolating sheets around the neural fibres in the brain and spinal cord, can give erection problems.

- Accidents or diseases hurting nerves from the spinal cord to the genital region.

- Atherosclerosis caused by age or an unhealthy lifestyle, giving narrowing and hardening of blood vessels to the genital region.

- Injury to the erectile bodies caused by inflammation, accidents or diseases.

- Congenital malformations in the penis or genital region, for example hypospadias and epispadias.

- Peyronie's disease, a common inflammatory disease causing abnormal bending or twisting of the penis, and sometimes also hinder the filling of blood into the erectile bodies, sometimes gives problems for the erections.

- Circumcision causing the penile skin to be too tight, or causing extensive inelastic scars.

- Side effects of medicines, such as medications taken for high blood pressure or depression.

- Zinc deficiency.

- Heart disease.

- Diabetes causing injury to the nerves and blood vessels to the penis.

- High blood pressure (hypertension).

- Liver or kidney disease.

- Alcohol or drug abuse impairing psychological and neural functions.



and


PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES

Psychological causes can interfere with the erection process by distracting a man from stimuli that normally would give him sexual arousal. Psychological issues account for about 40% of erection problems. Erection problems in men under age 50 are most likely to be caused by psychological factors. Psychological causes of erection problems include:

- Anxiety for not being able to perform sexually as well as the partner demands.

- Prolonged emotional upset, such as worrying, anxiety or anger due to a man's economical, professional or social situation.

- Relationship problems, for example when the woman has different preferences of sexual practice than the man.

- A man who looses sexual desire for his partner may develop erection problems.

- Recently widowed men can get erection problems.

- Some men have difficulty having sexual intercourse with their partner after she has given birth because he does not like the changes that the birth process has caused to the woman's body.



Low self esteem can affect sexual performance, as can relationship problems between couples. If two partners don’t discuss things or talk about their sex life without an argument erupting, then of course sexual performance will be dampened. For a successful love making, an emotional connection must first be established and maintained.

Occasional erection loss is nothing to be worried about. No man has a lifetime of perfect erections, and if he is enduring a particularly stressful week, then his penis might be just as tired and fatigued as he is.

During these times it is important for him not take the episode too seriously; knowing that even when he lacks an erection, he can still bring pleasure to his partner. Communication is vital here, so that both partners can understand what is happening and work together as a supportive team to restore good health and an active sex life.

Many men suffer from weak or soft erection. This affects their sex life in several ways. There are some powerful herbal male enhancement pills that not only boost male performance but also improve overall sexual health. As they are made of potent herbs, vitamins and other nutrients, they do not require any prescription.

There are many herbs for men that help in increasing libido like Yohimbe, Horny Goat Weed, Tongkat Ali and Tribulus Terrestris. There are some other herbs including Muira Puama, Mucuna Pruriens, Maca, and a few others that are less effective.

However, if you notice that erection-loss is becoming a consistent problem then professional assistance may be required. Sexual therapy can help in these matters.


How are they treated?

There are numerous number of treatments for erection problems. Doctors typically start with lifestyle changes and medicines. They infact don't advise surgery or other treatments unless those first steps don't help.

Treatment can include:

Making lifestyle changes those such as avoiding tobacco, drugs, and alcohol. And the most important thing is do some physical activities such as sport regulary.

It may further also help to talk about the issue with your partner then do sensual exercises although and get counseling.

Taking medically prescription medicine (if you do not prefer the natural herb) that can help you get erections. These treatment include pills such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), and vardenafil (Levitra).

Check with your doctor to see if it is totaly safe for you to take one of these medicines with your other medicines. These can be even dangerous if you have heart disease that further requires you to take nitroglycerin or other medicines that contain nitrates.

So, there are some alternatives for you as below:
* Taking medicines and getting counseling for treatment depression or anxiety.
* Using vacuum devices or getting shots of medicine right into the penis.
* Having surgery to place an implant in the penis.

So, please choose which treatment that will give you the best result...!.

(Iman - FromThe Best Solution Provider).

Sexually Transmitted Disease-Tinea cruris

Tinea cruris is the name used for infection of the groin with a dermatophyte fungus.

An infection of the groin is usually caused by anthropophile fungi. The most common species are Epidermophyton floccosum and Tricophyton rubrum. It is most often seen in adult men.

Opportunistic infections (infections that are caused by a diminished immune system) are frequent. Fungus from other parts of the body (commonly tinea pedis or 'athlete's foot') can contribute to jock itch.

Tinea cruris has a worldwide distribution but is found more commonly in hot humid climates. Tinea cruris manifests as a symmetric erythematous rash in the groin.

Clothing that fits tightly is thought to be a predisposing factor in tinea cruris. A red rash then develops in the groin, usually with a definite edge or border. Both groins are commonly affected.

The rash often spreads a short way down the inside of both thighs. Sometimes the infection spreads to the skin on other parts of the body (or may have first started in another area such as athlete's foot).

Fungal infections do not usually go deeper than the skin into the body, and are not usually serious.

Tinea cruris is best treated with antifungal drugs applied topically. Traditionally creams containing clotrimazole or miconazole have been used, although newer agents such as butenafine are also used. These anti-fungal agents work by stopping the fungi from producing a substance called ergosterol.

Tinea Cruris Treatment and Prevention Tips

1. Dry the groin carefully after bathing using a separate towel.

2. Do not share towels, sheets or personal clothing.

3. Avoid wearing occlusive or synthetic clothing.

4. If you are overweight, try to lose weight to reduce chafing and sweating.

5. Wear slippers in public bathing and gym areas.

6. Use hot water to wash your socks, clothing, and towels.

7. Avoid long periods in shoes that make your feet damp.

8. Apply antifungal powders to the groin or between the toes.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-Syphilis

Syphilis is a transmitted disease caused by a spirochaete bacterium
, Treponema pallidum.

Syphilis has a myriad of presentations and can mimic many other infections and immune-mediated processes in advanced stages.

Syphilis can also be passed from mother to infant during pregnancy causing a disease called congenital syphilis.

Any active person can be infected with syphilis, although there is a greater incidence among young people between the ages of 15 and 30 years. It is more prevalent in urban than rural areas.

Syphilis can be frightening because if it goes untreated, it can lead to serious health problems and increase a person's risk for HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS.

Syphilis can be acquired or congenital. Primary syphilis occurs within 3 weeks of contact with an infected individual. Syphilis has many alternate names, including syph, Cupid's Disease, the Pox, lues , and the French disease.

The signs and symptoms of syphilis are myriad; before the advent of serological testing, diagnosis was more difficult and the disease was dubbed the "Great Imitator" because it was so often confused with other diseases.

Syphilis cannot be spread through contact with toilet seats, doorknobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, bathtubs, shared clothing, or eating utensils.

The final stage of syphilis is called tertiary syphilis and is characterized by brain or central nervous system involvement, cardiovascular involvement with inflammation of the aorta, and gummatous syphilis. Left untreated, syphilis can lead to serious complications or death.

But with early diagnosis and treatment, the disease can be successfully treated.
Causes of Syphilis


The common causes and risk factor's of Syphilis include the following:

-A bacterium called Treponema pallidum.

-Transfusion of infected blood.

-Direct contact with a syphilis sore on the body of an infected person.

-An infected pregnant woman can also pass the disease to her unborn child.

-Having with more than one partner.


Symptoms of Syphilis

Some sign and symptoms related to Syphilis are as follows:
The first symptom of syphilis is often a small, round, firm ulcer called a chancre ("shanker") at the place where the bacteria entered your body.


Fever.

-Enlarged lymph nodes in your groin.

-Positive serology.

-Extragenital chancres occur most commonly above the neck, typically affecting the lips or oral cavity.

-Rash - Bilaterally symmetric.

-Soreness and aching.

-Fatigue and a vague feeling of discomfort.


Treatment of Syphilis

Here is list of the methods for treating Syphilis:

Penicillin, an antibiotic, injected into the muscle is the best treatment for syphilis.

If you are allergic to penicillin, your health care provider may give you another antibiotic to take by mouth.

In patients with allergy to penicillin, skin testing and desensitization are recommended.

Pregnant women with a history of allergic reaction to penicillin should undergo penicillin desensitization followed by appropriate penicillin therapy.

Avoid having while being treated, to reduce the chances of getting the infection again or transmitting it to someone else.

Bed rest, pain relievers (such as aspirin, acetaminophen , or ibuprofen ), and liquids can help.

Alternative treatment regimens should be used only in cases of documented penicillin allergy.


Below are Motable syphilis-infected people in history

Keys: S - suspected case; † - died of syphilis

• Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), emperor of France S
• Al Capone (1899-1947), gangster †
• Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1545-1567), second husband of Mary Queen of Scots
• Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), painter †
• Henry VIII (1491-1547), king of England S
• Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), Nazi leader S
• Ivan the Terrible (1530-1584), Czar of Russia
• Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910), writer S
• Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890), painter S
• Franz Schubert (1797-1828), composer †
• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), painter †
• Lord Randolph Churchill (1849-1895), British politician, father of Winston Churchill

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-Staphylococcal

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) also is known as Ritter von Ritterschein disease in newborns. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is a response to a staphylococcal infection and is characterized by peeling skin.

SSSS is caused by the release of two exotoxins (epidermolytic toxins A and B) from toxigenic strains of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.

SSSS occurs mostly in children younger than 5 years, particularly neonates (newborn babies).

Lifelong protective antibodies against staphylococcal exotoxins are usually acquired during childhood which makes SSSS much less common in older children and adults.

Lack of specific immunity to the toxins and an immature renal clearance system (toxins are primarily cleared from the body through the kidneys) make neonates the most at risk.

Adults with SSSS are most often immunocompromised or have renal failure.

The symptoms of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome may resemble other skin conditions.

The child may have no energy, and may have a fever.

Within 24-48 hours fluid-filled blisters form. These rupture easily, leaving an area that looks like a burn. The skin becomes sensitive and uncomfortable even before the rash is fully visible.

The rash starts out as bright red patches around the original area of crusting. Blisters may appear, and the skin may look wrinkled. Rash spreads to other parts of the body including the arms, legs and trunk. In newborns, lesions are often found in the diaper area or around the umbilical cord.

Treatment usually requires ,as intravenous antibiotics are generally necessary to eradicate the staphylococcal infection.

A penicillinase-resistant, anti-staphylococcal antibiotic such as flucloxacillin is used.

Avoid the development of dehydration.

As always, good hygiene can prevent the passage of the causative bacteria between people. In the event of an outbreak in a newborn nursery, members of the staff should have nasal smears taken to identify an adult who may be unknowingly carrying the bacteria and passing it on to the babies.

Topical wound care should begin with saline, followed by topical antibiotic ointment. Laser treatment has also been used.

In severe cases, cutting out the involved area followed by skin grafting may be necessary.

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Treatment and Prevention Tips

1. An anti-inflammatory drug, may be given by mouth.

2. A penicillinase-resistant, anti-staphylococcal antibiotic such as flucloxacillin is used.

3. Laser treatment has also been used.

4. In severe cases, cutting out the involved area followed by skin grafting may be necessary.

5. Good hygiene can prevent the passage of the causative bacteria between people.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-UTIs (urinary tract infections)

Urinary tract infection are both caused by an inflammation of the lining of the bladder and the urinary tract.

This is usually the result of a bacterial infection spread from the anus either through poor hygiene or through sexual intercourse.

Both men and women can suffer from cystitis, but women are usually more susceptible due to their shorter urinary tract. Bacteria can reach the bladder more quickly.

Symptoms include painful urination, cloudy urine, with fever and backache in severe cases.It can also be caused by vaginal infections such as thrush, sexually transmitted diseases, and vaginal deodorants.

Bruising (as a result of sexual intercourse or childbirth) can also trigger the condition.


Treatment

Diet and Nutrition Drink lots of water, camomile tea and cranberry juice. Cut out alcohol, coffee, and all acidic fruit juices.

Apply live yogurt to the vagina to help "recolonize" it with healthy bacteria.Herbal MedcineAn infusion of yarrow, couch grass, and buchu are recommended.

Homeopathy Cantharis 6c and Staphysagria 6c are beneficial.

Aromatherapy such as: Sandalwood, juniper, lavender, or bergamot used for a stomach massage, or in the bath will help to ease pain and discomfort.



Acupressure

This can also relieve pain.


Urinary Tract Infection

All parts of the urinary tract may develop infections.

The infection causes inflammation of the affected part, and the clinical syndrome associated with inflammation of the part tends to be characteristic.

Inflammation of the urethra (urethritis) causes pain when water is passed. If there is infection present, pus or blood may also be evident in the opening of the urethra.

Urethritis in women is commonly caused by bruising during intercourse rather than infection.

Urethritis in men is more often caused by sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia.

Such infections do not usually manifest any symptoms in women, but it is important that both partners are adequately treated to prevent long-term complications such as infertility.

Urethritis usually lasts for two or three days.


Follow the advice about complementary therapies suitable for the treatment of cystitis.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum, is a viral infection of the skin.

Infecting only humans, usually in adults and often sexually transmitted.

MC can affect any area of the skin but is most common on the body, arms, and legs. It is spread through direct contact or shared items such as clothing or towels.

The virus commonly spreads through skin-to-skin contact. This includes sexual contact or touching or scratching the bumps and then touching the skin.

The virus can be spread among children at day care or at school. Molluscum contagiosum is contagious until the bumps are gone-which, if untreated, may be up to 6 months or longer.

The time from infection to the appearance of lesions ranges from 2 week to 6 months, with an average incubation period of 6 weeks.

They are generally not painful, but they may itch or become irritated.

Picking or scratching the bumps may lead to further infection or scarring. They may occasionally be complicated by secondary bacterial infections. In some cases the dimpled section may bleed once or twice.

Molluscum lesions on an arm.
• Medical issues including:
o Bleeding
o Secondary infections
o Itching and discomfort
o Potential scarring

• Social reasons
o Cosmetic
o Embarrassment
o Fear of transmission to others
o Social exclusion


Thus, when treatment has resulted in elimination of all bumps, the infection has been effectively cured and will not reappear unless the patient is reinfected.

Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy involves killing infected cells by "freezing" them with a pressurized liquid spray, usually liquid nitrogen or nitrous oxide. The infected cells may fall off immediately or fade over several days.

There are a few treatment options that can be done at home. Betadine surgical scrub can be gently scrubbed on the infected area for 5 minutes daily until the lesions resolve (this is not recommended for those allergic to iodine or betadine). Do not use on broken skin. Other theraphy that can be applied are:

Astringents, Australian lemon myrtle, Benzoyl peroxide Cantharidin, Tea tree oil, Surgical treatment, Laser.

Most cases of molluscum will clear up naturally within two years (usually within nine months). So long as the skin growths are present, there is a possibility of transmitting the infection to another person. When the growths are gone, the possibility for spreading the infection is ended.

There is no permanent immunity to the virus, and it is possible to become infected again in the future upon exposure to an infected person.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted illness that primarily infects the lymphatics.

Lymphogranuloma venereum is reason by serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis. The bacterium is spread through sexual contact.

It is rare in industrialised countries, but is endemic in parts of Africa, Asia, South America, and the Caribbean. It gains entrance through breaks in the skin, or it can cross the epithelial cell layer of mucous membranes.

The organism travels from the site of inoculation down the lymphatic channels to multiply within mononuclear phagocytes of the lymph nodes it passes.

The primary symptom may be a small, painless pimple or lesion occurring on the penis or vagina. It is frequently unnoticed. The infection then spreads to the lymph nodes in the groin area and from there to the surrounding tissue.

Complications may comprise inflamed and swollen lymph glands which may drain and bleed. The incubation period ranges from 3 to 12 days. The primary lesion is a 5- to 8-mm, soft, red, painless erosion or ulcer.

The ulcer heals spontaneously in a few days. The secondary stage begins 2 to 6 weeks later and is characterized by the appearance of tender, inguinal adenopathy, which develops with over-riding erythema and edema.

The lymph nodes coalesce, may fluctuate, and drain spontaneously. Associated fever, chills, and malaise can be severe.

Lymphogranuloma venereum can be cured by proper antibiotic therapy. Common antibiotic treatments include: tetracycline, doxycycline (all tetracyclines, including doxycycline, are contraindicated during pregnancy and in children due to effects on bone development and tooth discoloration), and erythromycin.

Aspiration of fluctuant buboes may prevent spontaneous rupture and reduce morbidity. Symptomatic treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be beneficial.

Lymphedema in later stages may not resolve despite elimination of the organism. Fluctuant buboes may be aspirated or incised if necessary for symptomatic relief, but most patients respond quickly to antibiotics.

Buboes and fistulas may require surgery, but rectal strictures can usually be dilated. Prevention is better than cure. The accurate use of condoms, either the men or women type, greatly decreases the risk of getting a sexually-transmitted disease.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-HIV/AIDS

Aids is a very serious illness. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

AIDS may also spread by sharing drug needles or through contact with the blood of an infected person. Women can give it to their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.

The first signs of HIV infection may be swollen glands and flu-like symptoms. These may come and go a month or two after infection. Severe symptoms may not appear until months or years later.

HIV is genetically variable and exists as different strains, which cause different rates of clinical disease progression. HIV/AIDS stigma is more severe than that associated with other life-threatening conditions and extends beyond the disease.

The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. Most of these conditions are infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages.

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) increase the risk of HIV transmission and infection because they cause the disruption of the normal epithelial barrier by genital ulceration and/or microulceration.

There is currently no cure for HIV or AIDS. Current treatment for HIV infection include of highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART. Daily multivitamin and mineral supplements have been found to decrease HIV disease sequence among men and women.

Various forms of alternative medicine have been tried to treat symptoms or alter the course of the disease. Reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors medicines interfere with a critical step during the HIV life cycle and keep the virus from reproducing.

Protease inhibitors medicines interfere with a protein that HIV uses to produce infectious viral particles. Other drugs can prevent or treat opportunistic infections (OIs). In most cases, these drugs work very well.

The newer, stronger ARVs have also helped reduce the rates of most OIs.


Aids Treatment and Prevention Tips

1. Clean the needle before using.

2. Don't have sex with prostitutes.

3. Do not share needles or syringes.

4. Get professional help for terminating the drug habit.

5. Antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection consists of drugs

6. Fusion Inhibitors, such as enfuvirtide are blocking HIV entry into cells.

7. Don't have sexual contact with anyone who has symptoms of AIDS.

8. Avoid having sex with anyone who has multiple and/or anonymous sexual partners.

9. Avoid sexual contact with anyone who has had sex with people at risk of getting AIDS.

10. Avoid oral, genital and anal contact with partner's blood, semen, vaginal secretions, feces or urine.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-Herpes

Genital herpes is spread by direct contact with an infected person.

Sexual intercourse or oral sex are usually the most common ways of the virus spreading. Genital herpes usually entails the sufferer getting breakouts or episodes, in-between they experience symptom-free periods.

The first episode is always the most severe, it usually starts with a tingling, itching, or a burning sensation or pain around the genitals followed by the appearance of painful red spots which, within a day or two, evolve through a phase of clear, fluid-filled blisters which rapidly turn whitish-yellow.

The blisters burst, leaving painful ulcers that dry, scab over and heal in approximately 10 days.

Symptoms of recurrent outbreaks are usually limited to genital blisters, sores, and swollen glands. The blisters are most painful during the first 24 hours after they appear, sometimes flu-like symptoms, or aches, pains - especially are felt down the back, and the back of the legs.

Outbreaks can be treated or partly prevented with medicine from your doctor but there's no prescription for the feeling of being stigmatized by having herpes. When Outbreaks occur they generally last a few days they often occur during times when you are feeling stressed.

Often Genital Herpes can be mistaken for a variety of other diseases, including syphilis. Some women with the genital herpes Virus don't even know they have it because the outbreaks usually occur on the cervix.

Genital herpes is more commonly found in females, African-Americans, and users of cocaine (90% in one study) most of these people who had the positive blood tests for HSV virus had no history of symptoms or outbreaks it was silent.

Genital herpes outbreaks can occur with such mild symptoms that it goes completely unnoticed by the person. You or your partner may have contracted the virus from a sexual partner such a long time ago or your partner may have had genital herpes without even knowing it.

Genital herpes is classed as an STD (sexually transmitted disease) which is caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). Genital herpes is usually caused by HSV-2.

Condoms will offer some protection against the disease, by covering or protecting the mucous membranes which are the likely place of infection.

However, be warned condoms do not provide 100 % protection because a lesion may be found which the condom did not cover and such the virus is passed.

Most people think that kissing is a safe activity. Unfortunately, syphilis, herpes, and other infections can be contracted through this relatively simple and apparently harmless act so you need to be careful.

Pregnant women infected with herpes simplex should be made weekly testing of the cervix and external genitalia to prevent possible further outbreaks. If testing is positive, active lesions are present and, therefore, the danger is high, it is recommended a cesarean section to avoid infecting the newborn.

Common Herpes symptoms are:

* Initially, warmth, itching, and pink.
* Painful fluid-filled blisters in the genital or rectal area.
* Small blisters that merge to form one large blister.
* Yellow crusts that form in the blisters at the beginning of the healing phase.
* Mild fever.
* Lumps in the groin (inguinal lymphadenopathy).
* Difficult and painful urination (dysuria).
* Micturition hesitant.
* Increased frequency and urgency of urination.
* Painful intercourse
* Urinary incontinence.
* Genital sores.

The absence of symptoms does not imply absence of the illness.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-Hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis is a disease in which the system's exempt structure attacks liver cells.

Although the cause for this isn't completely clear-cut, some diseases, toxins and drugs may spark autoimmune hepatitis in vulnerable folk, particularly women.

The disease is normally rather severe and, if not treated, gets worse over moment. Usually, the exempt structure does not respond against the system's own cells.

However, sometimes it erroneously attacks the cells it is supposed to defend.

This reaction is called autoimmunity. Some medications wound the liver immediately - overdoses of the popular pain backup acetaminophen, for instance, can induce liver bankruptcy. Other hereditary abnormalities may have autoimmune hepatitis more competitive and harder to handle.

This disease is almost popular in inexperienced girls and women. Autoimmune hepatitis is normally chronic, significance it can live for years, and can head to cirrhosis of the liver and finally liver bankruptcy.

The higher blood force drug methyldopa, the anti-inflammatory diclofenac, the antibiotics minocycline and nitrofurantoin, and possibly atorvastatin may spark autoimmune hepatitis in some folk.

Autoimmune hepatitis is classified as either type I or II.

Type I is the most common form in North America. It occurs at any age and is more common among women than men.

Type II autoimmune hepatitis is less common, typically affecting girls ages 2 to 14, although adults can have it too. The chronic inflammation gradually damages the liver cells which results in serious problems.

Autoimmune hepatitis is usually not preventable. Awareness of risk factors may allow early detection and treatment.

Signs and symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis can drift from insignificant to serious and may go on abruptly or produce over moment. Symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis scope from balmy to serious.

Some people have few, if any, problems in the early stages of the disease, whereas others experience signs and symptoms such as: yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, abnormal blood vessels on the skin, fluid in the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort and liver scarring.

People in advanced stages of the disease are more likely to have symptoms such as fluid in the abdomen (ascites) or mental confusion. Women may stop having menstrual periods.

A routine blood test for liver enzymes can help reveal a pattern typical of hepatitis, but further tests, especially for autoantibodies, are needed to diagnose autoimmune hepatitis.

Blood tests too assist distinguish autoimmune hepatitis from viral hepatitis or a metabolic disease. Treatment works better when autoimmune hepatitis is diagnosed early. With appropriate handling, autoimmune hepatitis can normally be controlled.

The primary treatment is medicine to suppress an overactive immune system. Both types of autoimmune hepatitis are treated with daily doses of a corticosteroid called prednisone.

A liver transplant may be an option when autoimmune hepatitis doesn't respond to drug treatments or in cases of advanced liver disease. Another medicine, azathioprine is also used to treat autoimmune hepatitis.

Most people will need to take prednisone, with or without azathioprine, for years. Some people take it for life. Corticosteroids may slow down the disease, but everyone is different.

In about one out of every three people, treatment can eventually be stopped. Like prednisone, azathioprine suppresses the immune system, but in a different way.


Hepatitis C Prevention

Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus.

The hepatitis C virus is also known as the HCV virus.

Hepatitis C transmissionusually occurs through blood transfusions, hemodialysis, and needle sticks. HCVis responsible for most transfusion-associated hepatitis C. Cirrhosis and cancer can result from damage done to the liver by the hepatitis C virus.

There is no cure or vaccine for hepatitis C. There is only prevention. If you wish to avoid becoming infected with hepatitis C, take the following prevention steps:

Hepatitis C Prevention Tip 1: Do not use intravenous drugs. If you shoot drugs,stop and seek the help of a treatment program. If you can't stop, never share needles, syringes, water. Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B.

Hepatitis C Prevention Tip 2: Do not share personal care items that might have blood on them, like razors and toothbrushes.

Hepatitis C Prevention Tip 3: If you are a health care or public safety worker,always follow routine barrier precautions. Be sure to handle needles and othersharp objects carefully and safely. Get vaccinated against hepatitis B.

Hepatitis C Prevention Tip 4: If you are thinking about getting a tattoo or having a body part pierced, be extremely careful. You might get infected if the tools have someone else's blood.

Hepatitis C Prevention Tip 5: Hepatitis C can be spread by sexual contact, but this is rare. If you are having sex with more than one steady sex partner,it's recommended that you use latex condoms correctly, and use them every time you have intercourse. You should also get vaccinated against hepatitis B. If you are HCV positive, do not donate blood, organs, or tissue.

Some patients with hepatitis C benefit from treatment with interferon alpha or a combination of interferon alpha and ribavirin.

Rest may be recommended during the acute phase of the disease when the symptomsare most severe.

People with hepatitis C should also be careful not to take vitamins, nutritional supplements, or new over-the-counter medications without first discussing it with a doctor.

Any substance that's toxic to the liver, or hepatotoxic, can be dangerous for someone who has been infected by hepatitis C.

You should stop drinking alcohol.

Even moderate amounts of alcohol can be dangerous because they speed up theprogression of hepatitis C.

Alcohol reduces the effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-Gonorrhea

Untreated gonorrhea is a serious health risk.

It affects about 600,000 women and men in the U.S. every year. About one million women each year in the United States develop PID.

Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a bacterium that can grow and multiply easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine canal) in women and men.

These bacteria can infect the genital tract, mouth, and rectum of both men and women. In women, gonorrhea is a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

In women, however, the opening to the uterus (cervix) is the first place of infection The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.

Gonorrhea is spread through contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus.

Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted or acquired. Gonorrhea is spread through contact.

Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to baby during delivery. Women with gonorrhea are at risk of developing serious complications from the infection, regardless of the presence or severity of symptoms.

Gonorrhea symptoms usually appear within 2 to 10 days after contact with an infected partner.

Premary symptoms including is Bleeding associated with vaginal intercourse.Secondry is Painful or burning sensations when urinating and last is Yellow or bloody vaginal discharge.

Between 30-60% of women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic or have subclinical disease.

Men have symptoms more often than women, including is White, yellow, or green pus from the penis with pain, Burning sensations during urination amd Swollen or painful testicles.

some men have some signs or symptoms that appear two to five days after infection; symptoms can take as long as 30 days to appear.

Gonococcal infections are 1.5 times more common in men than in women. Most common long-term sequelae of gonorrhea are chronic pelvic pain in women after PID.

Approximately 200 million new cases of gonorrhea appear each year. For women, the early symptoms of gonorrhea often are mild. Several antibiotics can successfully cure gonorrhea in adolescents and adults.

However, drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea are increasing in many areas of the world.


Causes of Gonorrhea

1.Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

2.Gonococcal infection

3.Neonatal infection

4.Exposure to an infected individual without barrier protection

5.Multiple partners Symptoms of Gonorrhea

1.Abdominal pain.

2.Bleeding between menstrual cycles.

3.Fever.

4.Painful intercourse.

5.Painful urination.

6.Swelling or tenderness of the vulva. 7.Vomiting.



Treatment of Gonorrhea

If you are pregnant, or are younger than 18 years old, you should not be treated with certain types of antibiotics.

Many antibiotics to treat gonorrhea Cefixime ,Ceftriaxone ,Ciprofloxacin Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin.

Drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea are increasing in many areas of the world, including the United States, and successful treatment of gonorrhea is becoming more difficult.

If you have gonorrhea, all of your partners should get tested and then treated if infected, whether or not they have symptoms. Health experts also recommend that you not have until your infected partners have been treated.

By using latex condoms correctly and consistently during vaginal or rectal activity.

Penicillin is ineffective at treating rectal gonorrhea: this is because other bacteria within the rectum produce ß-lactamases that destroy penicillin.

All current treatments are less effective at treating gonorrhea of the throat, so the patient must be rechecked by throat swab 72 hours or more after being given treatment, and then retreated if the throat swab is still positive.

Treat infected partners or have them tested before having relations.


Historically it has been suggested that mercury was used as a treatment for gonorrhea.

Surgeons tools on board the recovered English warship the Mary Rose included a syringe that, according to some, was used to inject the mercury via the urinary meatus into any unfortunate crewman suffering from gonorrhea. The name "the Clap", in reference to the disease, dates as early as 1719.

Silver nitrate was one of the widely used drugs in the 19th century, but it became replaced by Protargol.

Arthur Eichengrün invented this type of colloidal silver which was marketed by Bayer from 1897 on. The silver-based treatment was used until the first antibiotics came into use in the 1940s.

The exact time of onset of gonorrhea as prevalent disease or epidemic cannot be accurately determined from the historical record. One of the first reliable notations occur in the Acts of the (English) Parliament, In 1161 this body passed a law to reduce the spread of "...the perilous infirmity of burning".

The symptoms described are consistent with, but not diagnostic of, gonorrhea.

A similar decree was passed by Louis IX in France in 1256, replacing regulation with banishment. Similar symptoms were noted at the siege of Acre by Crusaders.

Coincidental to, or dependent on, the appearance of a gonorrhea epidemic, several changes occurred in European medieval society. Cities hired public health doctors to treat afflicted patients without right of refusal.

Pope Boniface rescinded the requirement that physicians complete studies for the lower orders of the Catholic priesthood.

Medieval public health physicians in the employ of their cities were required to treat prostitutes infected with the "burning", as well as lepers and other epidemic victims.

After Pope Boniface completely secularized the practice of medicine, physicians were more willing to treat a sexually transmitted disease. Municipalities would hire an official to regulate the examination of infected patients and check the spread of this sexually transmitted contagion.

In Paris, this official was popularly known as the "King of Whores".

Gonorrhea is a very common infectious disease. The CDC estimates that more than 700,000 persons in the United States get new gonorrheal infections each year.

Only about half of these infections are reported to CDC.

In 2004, 330,132 cases of gonorrhea were reported to the CDC.

After the implementation of a national gonorrhea control program in the mid-1970s, the national gonorrhea rate declined from 1975 to 1997.

After a small increase in 1998, the gonorrhea rate has decreased slightly since 1999

In 2004, the rate of reported gonorrheal infections was 113.5 per 100,000 persons.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease-Genital Warts

Genital warts are soft wart-like growths on the genitals caused by a viral skin disease.

Genital warts caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV is a transmitted infection (STI).

Genital warts also called venereal warts. Genital warts may be small, flat, flesh-colored bumps or tiny, cauliflower-like bumps.

Genital warts are a type of transmitted disease (STD). Most people who acquire those strains never develop warts or any other symptoms. HPV also causes many cases of cervical cancer; types 16 and 18 account for 70% of cases.

Genital warts can be passed from person to person through intimate contact. In men, genital warts can grow, near the anus, or between the scrotum. In women, genital warts may grow on the vulva and perineal area, in the and on the cervix.

HPV infection also is associated with the development of other anogenital cancers in women. The HPV types that cause cervical cancer also have been linked with both anal and penile cancer in men as well as a subgroup of head and neck cancers in both women and men.

Most patients with genital warts are seen between the ages of 17–33 years. Genital warts are highly contagious.

HPV grows well in the moist genital area.

HPV infection appears to be more common and worse in patients with various types of immunologic deficiencies. Warts on the outer genitals are easily recognized. They are raised, flesh-colored lesions that may occur singly or in clusters.

Left untreated, warts may rapidly enlarge, taking on a "cauliflower-like" appearance.

Multiple simultaneous lesions are common and may involve subclinical states as well as different anatomic sites. Subclinical infections have an infectious and oncogenic potential.

Consider the possibility of abuse in pediatric cases; however, remember that infection by direct manual contact or, rarely, by indirect transmission from fomites may occur.

Additionally, passage through an infected canal at birth may cause respiratory lesions in infants.

Many Symptoms of Genital Warts. Genital warts are painless, they may be bothersome because of their location, size, or due to itching.

The size may range from less than one millimeter across to several square centimeters when many warts join together.

Men and women with genital warts will often complain of painless bumps, itching, and discharge.

5-fluorouracil cream should not be used while trying to become pregnant or if there is a possibility of pregnancy. Antiviral drug interferon-alpha directly into the warts, to treat warts that have returned after removal by traditional means.

Surgical treatments include cryosurgery, electrocauterization, laser therapy, or cutting them out. Cryosurgery is technique freezes the wart using liquid nitrogen or a "cryoprobe."

Electrodesiccation technique uses an electric current to destroy the warts. It can be done in the office with local anesthesia. The resulting smoke plume may be infectious.

Imiquimod (Aldara) cream appears to boost your immune system's ability to fight genital warts. Avoid contact while the cream is on your skin. It may weaken condoms and diaphragms and may irritate your partner's skin.

Condoms offer some protection against genital warts, but they can't completely prevent them because the warts can be outside of the area protected by the condom.

Spermicidal foams, creams, and jellies have not been proven to protect against HPV and genital warts.

Avoid STDs by having a monogamous relationship with a partner known to be disease-free.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease - Donovanosis

Donovanosis, also known as granuloma inguinale, is a sexually transmissible transmission.

It is a transmission of the rind of the genitalia, groin and anal region caused by a bacterium calymmatobacterium granulomatis.

The destructive nature of donovanosis also increases the risk of superinfection by other pathogenic microbes. Because of the scarcity of medical treatment, the disease often goes untreated.

The disease spreads mostly through vaginal or anal intercourse. It is thought that anal intercourse, rather than vaginal intercourse, is the most frequent source of infection.

About 50% of infected men and women have lesions in the anal area. It possibly occurs more frequently in men than women and the peak incidence is in persons between 20-40 years old.

The disease is characterized by pain-free genital ulcers which can be mistaken for pox.

However, they finally advancement to devastation of domestic and foreign tissue, with leak of mucus and blood. The appropriate clinical appointment for donovanosis is granuloma inguinale.

Granuloma is a nodular type of inflammatory reaction, and inguinale refers to the inguinal region, which is commonly involved in this infection. The infection spreads, mutilating the infected tissue.

The infection will continue to destroy the tissue until treated. The lesions occur at the region of contact typically found on the shaft of the penis, the labia, or the perianal region.

Common sites of infection are the tip of the penis, the skin just outside the vagina and the skin around the anus. The disease slowly spreads and destroys genital tissue. Tissue damage may spread to the inguinal folds, the area where the legs meet the torso.

Scrapings from the ulcer or sore can be tested for donovanosis.

Normally, the infection will begin to subside within a week of treatment, however, the full treatment period must be followed in order to minimize the possibility of relapse.

The disease is effectively treated with antibiotics, therefore, developed countries, like the united states, have a very low incidence of donovanosis.

However, sexual contacts with individuals in endemic regions dramatically increases the risk of contracting the disease.

Always using condoms when you have vaginal or anal sex is the best way to avoid getting an infection. Using water-based lubricant with condoms is recommended. Antibiotics can be given which will cure the disease.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease - Chancroid

Chancroid is a sexually transmitted disease (STDs) caused by a bacterium called Hemophilus ducreyi.

The bacteria are excess likely to enter the sexual organs at the point of a pre-existing injury, such as a tiny cut or scratch.

Chancroid can be transmitted in two ways first sexually through skin-to-skin contact with open sore or sores and second non-sexually if a pus-like fluid from the ulcer is in contact with other areas of the body.

The disease is found mainly in developing world countries. Localized endemic outbreaks may occur within uniqueted STD and prostitution populations. Chancroid is rare in the United States.

Chancroid is more vulgar in areas of low socioeconomic status such as Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean.

It has also been established to be more common in areas where the prevalence of HIV is high. Other risk factors are low education level, risky sexual behavior, other sexually transmitted diseases, noncircumcision, and older male homosexuals.

Approximately half of the people infected with a chancroid will grow expanded inguinal lymph nodes, the nodes settled in the fold between the leg and the lower abdomen.

The primary sign of infection is generally the appearance of one or excess sores or elevated bumps on the genital organs.

They are surrounded by a narrow red border which soon becomes loaded with pus and eventually ruptures, leaving a painful open sore. Symptoms commonly chance within 4-10 days from exposure.

They rarely develop former than three days or later than 10 days. Approximately one third of the infected especials will develop enlargements of the inguinal lymph nodes, the nodes located in the fold between the leg and the lower abdomen. Chancroid may be profitable treated with sure antibiotics.

Chancroid has become resistant to penicillin and tetracycline. Some antibiotics includes azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin.

Prevention is better than cure so carefully wash the genitals after sexual relations. Condoms provide very good protection from the spread of most sexually transmitted diseases when used cleanly and using newest condoms may protect the penis or vagina from infection.

Restrict the number of your sex partners. Safe sex rehearses are helpful for preventing the spread of chancroid. Streptomycin and ceftriaxone have been shown to be synergistic in the treatment of chancroid.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease - Cervical Cancer

Cervical dysplasia is the irregular increase of cells on the surface of the cervix.

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (shortened "CIN") is a cervical circumstance caused by a sexually transmitted virus called the Human Papilloma Virus.

CIN is classified as I, II or III depending on its hardship. It is considered a precancerous irregularity.

CIN1 is least dangerous character, represents simply balmy dysplasia, or irregular cubicle increase and corresponds to a reduced class squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL. It is confined to the basal 1/3 of the epithelium.

This corresponds to transmission with HPV, and typically will be cleared by exempt reaction in a year or then, though can go several years to exonerate.

CIN2 (Grade II), as easily as CIN III, jibe to higher class squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL.

CIN2 represents conservative dysplasia, and is confined to the basal 2/3 of the epithelium. In CIN3 (Grade III) lesion, serious dysplasia spans greater than 2/3 of the the whole epithelium, and may affect the complete thickness.

This lesion may sometimes too be referred to as cervical carcinoma in situ. No handling is normally needed in balmy CIN.

Treatment of depends in CIN condition. Mild dysplasia, which may go away on its own, usually involves careful observation with repeat Pap smears every 3 to 6 months.

Surgery may be done to remove a cone-shaped part of your cervix. This is done if abnormal cells, possibly cancerous, have gone into the cervical canal. A conization may also be done if abnormal cells cover a large area of the cervix.

Other forms may require methods to destroy the abnormal tissue, including electrocauterization, cryosurgery or laser vaporization. Cautery a small metal rod that uses electric current is used to burn away abnormal cervical cells.

As mentioned before, Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary factor in the development of nearly all cases of cervical cancer. HPV vaccine effective against the two strains of HPV that cause the most cervical cancer has been licensed in the U.S. and the EU, although the British NHS only vaccinates against one strain.

these two HPV strains together are currently responsible for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers.


Biopsy procedures

While the pap smear is an effective screening test, confirmation of the diagnosis of cervical cancer or pre-cancer requires a biopsy of the cervix. This is often done through colposcopy, a magnified visual inspection of the cervix aided by using a dilute acetic acid (e.g. vinegar) solution to highlight abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix.

Further diagnostic procedures are loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP) and conization, in which the inner lining of the cervix is removed to be examined pathologically.

These are carried out if the biopsy confirms severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.


Treatment

Microinvasive cancer (stage IA) is usually treated by hysterectomy (removal of the whole uterus including part of the vagina). For stage IA2, the lymph nodes are removed as well. An alternative for patients who desire to remain fertile is a local surgical procedure such as a loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP) or cone biopsy.


If a cone biopsy does not produce clear margins, one more possible treatment option for patients who want to preserve their fertility is a trachelectomy.


This attempts to surgically remove the cancer while preserving the ovaries and uterus, providing for a more conservative operation than a hysterectomy. It is a viable option for those in stage I cervical cancer which has not spread; however, it is not yet considered a standard of care, as few doctors are skilled in this procedure.

Even the most experienced surgeon cannot promise that a trachelectomy can be performed until after surgical microscopic examination, as the extent of the spread of cancer is unknown. If the surgeon is not able to microscopically confirm clear margins of cervical tissue once the patient is under general anesthesia in the operating room, a hysterectomy may still be needed.

This can only be done during the same operation if the patient has given prior consent. Due to the possible risk of cancer spread to the lymph nodes in stage 1b cancers and some stage 1a cancers, the surgeon may also need to remove some lymph nodes from around the uterus for pathologic evaluation.

A radical trachelectomy can be performed abdominally or vaginally and there are conflicting opinions as to which is better. A radical abdominal trachelectomy with lymphadenectomy usually only requires a two to three day hospital stay, and most women recover very quickly (approximately six weeks). Complications are uncommon, although women who are able to conceive after surgery are susceptible to preterm labor and possible late miscarriage.

It is generally recommended to wait at least one year before attempting to become pregnant after surgery. Recurrence in the residual cervix is very rare if the cancer has been cleared with the trachelectomy. Yet, it is recommended for patients to practice vigilant prevention and follow up care including pap screenings/colposcopy, with biopsies of the remaining lower uterine segment as needed (every 3-4 months for at least 5 years) to monitor for any recurrence in addition to minimizing any new exposures to HPV through safe sex practices until one is actively trying to conceive.

Early stages (IB1 and IIA less than 4 cm) can be treated with radical hysterectomy with removal of the lymph nodes or radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is given as external beam radiotherapy to the pelvis and brachytherapy (internal radiation).

Patients treated with surgery who have high risk features found on pathologic examination are given radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy in order to reduce the risk of relapse.

Larger early stage tumors (IB2 and IIA more than 4 cm) may be treated with radiation therapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy, hysterectomy (which then usually requires adjuvant radiation therapy), or cisplatin chemotherapy followed by hysterectomy.

Advanced stage tumors (IIB-IVA) are treated with radiation therapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

On June 15, 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of a combination of two chemotherapy drugs, hycamtin and cisplatin for women with late-stage (IVB) cervical cancer treatment. Combination treatment has significant risk of neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia side effects. Hycamtin is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline.


Prevention


Awareness

According to the US National Cancer Institute's 2005 Health Information National Trends survey, only 40% of American women surveyed had heard of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and only 20% had heard of its link to cervical cancer. In 2008 an estimated 3,870 women in the US will die of cervical cancer, and around 11,000 new cases are expected to be diagnosed.

In the UK, the recent death of the 27 year old reality TV star Jade Goody from cervical cancer, has dramatically raised awareness of HPV and cervical cancer among young women.


Condoms

Condoms may also be useful in treating potentially precancerous changes in the cervix. Exposure to semen appears to increase the risk of precancerous changes (CIN 3), and use of condoms helps to cause these changes to regress and helps clear HPV. One study suggests that prostaglandin in semen may fuel the growth of cervical and uterine tumours and that affected women may benefit from the use of condoms.


Nutrition

Fruits and vegetables
Higher levels of vegetable consumption were associated with a 54% decrease risk of HPV persistence. Consumption of papaya at least once a week was inversely associated with persistent HPV infection.

Vitamin A
There is weak evidence to suggest a significant deficiency of retinol can increase chances of cervical dysplasia, independently of HPV infection. A small (n~=500) case-control study of a narrow ethnic group (native Americans in New Mexico) assessed serum micro-nutrients as risk factors for cervical dysplasia.

Subjects in the lowest serum retinol quartile were at increased risk of CIN I compared with women in the highest quartile.

However, the study population had low overall serum retinol, suggesting deficiency. A study of serum retinol in a well-nourished population reveals that the bottom 20% had serum retinol close to that of the highest levels in this New Mexico sub-population.

Vitamin C
Risk of type-specific, persistent HPV infection was lower among women reporting intake values of vitamin C in the upper quartile compared with those reporting intake in the lowest quartile.

Vitamin E
HPV clearance time was significantly shorter among women with the highest compared with the lowest serum levels of tocopherols, but significant trends in these associations were limited to infections lasting 120 days) was not significantly associated with circulating levels of tocopherols.

Results from this investigation support an association of micronutrients with the rapid clearance of incident oncogenic HPV infection of the uterine cervix. A statistically significantly lower level of alpha-tocopherol was observed in the blood serum of HPV-positive patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The risk of dysplasia was four times higher for an alpha-tocopherol level.

Folic acid
Higher folate status was inversely associated with becoming HPV test-positive. Women with higher folate status were significantly less likely to be repeatedly HPV test-positive and more likely to become test-negative.

Studies have shown that lower levels of antioxidants coexisting with low levels of folic acid increases the risk of CIN development. Improving folate status in subjects at risk of getting infected or already infected with high-risk HPV may have a beneficial impact in the prevention of cervical cancer.However, another study showed no relationship between folate status and cervical dysplasia.

Carotenoids
Higher circulating levels of carotenoids were associated with a significant decrease in the clearance time of type-specific HPV infection, particularly during the early stages of infection (120 days) was not significantly associated with circulating levels of carotenoids.

The likelihood of clearing an oncogenic HPV infection is significantly higher with increasing levels of lycopenes. A 56% reduction in HPV persistence risk was observed in women with the highest plasma [lycopene] concentrations compared with women with the lowest plasma lycopene concentrations.

These data suggests that vegetable consumption and circulating lycopene may be protective against HPV persistence.

CoQ10
Women who had either CIN or cervical cancer had markedly lower levels of CoQ10 in their blood and in their cervical cells than the women who were healthy.

Fish oil
In a 1999 study, Docosahexaenoic acid inhibited growth of HPV16 immortalized cells. Prognosis Prognosis depends on the stage of the cancer. With treatment, the 5-year relative survival rate for the earliest stage of invasive cervical cancer is 92%, and the overall (all stages combined) 5-year survival rate is about 72%. These statistics may be improved when applied to women newly diagnosed, bearing in mind that these outcomes may be partly based on the state of treatment five years ago when the women studied were first diagnosed.

With treatment, 80 to 90% of women with stage I cancer and 50 to 65% of those with stage II cancer are alive 5 years after diagnosis. Only 25 to 35% of women with stage III cancer and 15% or fewer of those with stage IV cancer are alive after 5 years.

According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, survival improves when radiotherapy is combined with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. As the cancer metastasizes to other parts of the body, prognosis drops dramatically because treatment of local lesions is generally more effective than whole body treatments such as chemotherapy.

Interval evaluation of the patient after therapy is imperative. Recurrent cervical cancer detected at its earliest stages might be successfully treated with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination of the three. Thirty-five percent of patients with invasive cervical cancer have persistent or recurrent disease after treatment.Average years of potential life lost from cervical cancer are 25.3 (SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975-2000, National Cancer Institute (NCI)).

Approximately 4,600 women were projected to die in 2001 in the US of cervical cancer (DSTD), and the annual incidence was 13,000 in 2002 in the US, as calculated by SEER. Thus the ratio of deaths to incidence is approximately 35.4%.

Regular screening has meant that pre cancerous changes and early stage cervical cancers have been detected and treated early. Figures suggest that cervical screening is saving 5,000 lives each year in the UK by preventing cervical cancer. About 1,000 women per year die of cervical cancer in the UK. Epidemiology Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fifth most deadly cancer in women. It affects about 16 per 100,000 women per year and kills about 9 per 100,000 per year.

In the United States, it is only the 8th most common cancer of women. In 1998, about 12,800 women were diagnosed in the US and about 4,800 died. Among gynecological cancers it ranks behind endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. The incidence and mortality in the US are about half those for the rest of the world, which is due in part to the success of screening with the Pap smear.The incidence of new cases of cervical cancer in the United States was 7 per 100,000 women in 2004.

In the United Kingdom, the incidence is 9.1/100,000 per year (2005), similar to the rest of Northern Europe, and mortality is 3.1/100,000 per year (2006) (Cancer Research UK Cervical cancer statistics for the UK).

With a 42% reduction from 1988-1997 the NHS implemented screening programme has been highly successful, screening the highest risk age group (25-49 years) every 3 years, and those ages 50-64 every 5 years.In Canada, an estimated 1,300 women will be diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2008 and 380 will die.

Worldwide it is estimated that there are 473,000 cases of cervical cancer, and 253,500 deaths per year.Epidemiologists working in the early 20th century noted that:
Cervical cancer was common in female sex workers. It was rare in nuns, except for those who had been sexually active before entering the convent.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease - Candidiasis

Candidiasis is an overgrowth of a normal fungi known as Candida Albicans that lives in the bowel.

Under normal conditions the bowel would contain positive bacteria with a percentage rate of 95%. Pathogens (the bad guys) are normally held in check at a manageable 15%.

As long as the positve bacteria maintains those ratios then all will be well.

However, in the case of the Candidiasis, the pathogens have multiplied and thus upset the natural balance.

Once this balance becomes disturbed there will be colonies of pathogens developing and should the condition be left, then it will develop in a form of Candida know as mycelia hungus. At this stage it becomes systemic Candidiasis.

So, what effects bring about the imbalance?

These are numerous, but would include: oral contraceptives, antibiotics, unusually high levels of sugar, food preservatives, and even chlorinated water. This is but a brief list, but all the aforementioned will actually encourage the negative bacteria to mulitply.

Solving the Candidiasis problem can be quite difficult, not least because in some cases it can be quite difficult to diagnose. The most common form induces severe itching the genitalia, although it is by no confined to this area.

Other symptoms can include: menstrual difficulties, lowered immunity, arthritis, allergies, poor concentration, and cravings for sugar or bread, to name but a few.

In light of this, and the fact that oftentimes these factors can be attributed to other causes, identifying Candidiasis accurately does present its difficulties. Non the less, by visiting your doctor, and instigating a process of illimination, the problem can be located.

Once it has been diagnosed, there are various treatments, although antibiotics would best be avoided as in this instance they will make matters worse. There are usually two well-defined approaches to curing Candidiasis.

The first is to manage the effects of the condition by use of various prescribed medications, and the second is to take a more holistic approach and to aim at the cause.

It would seem obvious that a methodical approach to starve the bacteria of that on which it thrives, is an effective treatment, and certainly a reduction of sugar, and yeast products can only act beneficially.

However, in more stubborn cases, it may require a complete a thorough program to completely realign the body, back to its natural state.

It is common, and as a consequnce of vast amounts of information readily available online these days for many people to self diagnose. Although Candidiasis is very rarely life threatening, it is always advisable to seek the advice of a professional before you undertake any program of action.


Whichever route you decide to go down, you will probably have to engage in some detailed and careful research, because one thing for sure, Candidiasis symptoms are so varied that it can often take quite some time for an accurate diagnosis.


Take a look at these and you may be surprised to find that these conditions may be the effects of Candidiasis


# low sex drive

# acne

# indigestion

# eczema

# muscle weakness

# learning difficulties

# depression

# pre-menstrual syndrome

# cognitive impairment

# dizziness

# poor memory

# persistent cough

# earaches

# athletes foot

# sensitivity to fragrances and/or other chemicals

# irritability

# headaches

# sensitivity to perfume

# mood swings

# vaginal discharge


Well, were you surprised? It's common for people to think about Candidiasis as nothing more than itching to the genitalia, but the effects can be far reaching.

Candidiasis can affect people in different ways, and the list of twenty that I've outlined above is by no means exhaustive. Perhaps one of the most worrying aspects is that a symptom such as dizziness could be caused by any number of things, and to attribute it to Candidiasis may require a great deal of investigation.

How will you know? Well, the first thing you can do is visit your doctor, but don't expect them to give you the answer immediately - they will probably be in the dark as much as you!

As you search for a Candidiasis cure, you may well find you just click on it, and the problem will be resolved.

Here, you may choose to consider your diet, by avoiding things such as mushrooms, bread, sugar, and alcohol. This will help you get to the cause, though not necessarily cure it completely.

Your doctor may offer various medications, but do avoid antibiotics as they will only aggrevate the problem. Too, there is the consideration of conventional medications, or perhaps you would choose a more holistic programme of recovery.

Conventional medications tend to deal with the effects, whereas an holistic approach will look at the cause and take many different factors into consideration.

First you may want to look at what exactly Candidiasis is.

Candidiasis is essentially an imbalance that has occured through any number of different factors. This imbalance may be the result of stress, or excessive intake of sugar for instance. Candida Albicans exists in its natural state within our bodies.

Under normal circumstances Candida Albicans lives quite harmoniously within our bodies. However, when an imbalance occurs the yeast organism begins to explode and consequently overtakes the positve bacteria.

When this occurs it can proliferate throughout the body and cause all manner of problems. The most common of all of these occurs with severe itching to the genitalia, and in this state it is reasonably easy to identify.

However, it can readily affect mental health or other chronic illness. Associations include: alcoholism, attention deficit disorder, migraine, clinical depression, and here we have hardly scratched the surface.


When does Candida become Candidiasis

Candida Albicans is completely natural yeast organism that lives in complete harmony with other bacteria in the gut. Many people abbreviate Candida Albicans to 'Candida'.

Providing the popluation of Candida Albicans remains at acceptable levels, then there will be no negative effects. However, when there is an overgrowth of this bacteria

we may then say that it has moved into a state where problems will arise. At this point, Candida Albicans becomes Candidiasis. The reasons for the undesirable explosion of

bacteria can be anything from taking a course of antibiotics, to an hormonal change occuring in pregnancy.

Once you have this undesirable state, this imbalance, you are then faced with how to regain the normal levels of postitive bacteria. This can be addressed by in a number of ways.

The bacteria will flourish is any dark, moist environment, and thus makes the vaginal region an ideal place to thrive. It is recommended to avoiding douching for this reason.

A change is diet is recommended with an emphasis on virtually zero sugar in the diet. This would include, fruit, although some fruits have a higher sugar content than others.

Blackberries, straweberries, apples, and pears, would be a safe option, but in very, very small quantities. The ideal is a zero sugar diet, for then you are starving the bacteria and thus bringing the balance back to normal.

Also, avoid carbohydrates as they digest to sugars.

Vegatables, in the main, are safe, especially the dark green leafy variety. Keep potatoes, carrots, and sweet potoatoes to a minimum because of the higher carbohydrate.

All dairy products are off the menu, apart from natual yoghurt.

As far as medications go, there are numerous over-the-counter options available, though the common thought is that they provide only temporarily respite because they are only acting upon the effect and not the cause.

In contrast to this, there has been a flurry of holistic alternatives, which are in fact programmes that deal specifically with the cause. These can take a few weeks before there are any signs of improvement, but they suggest a complete cessation of the problems.

Whichever route you choose to take, the sooner some action is taken the better. Many people suffer with Candidiasis and have no idea they have it. This is due to the fact that it can manifest in different ways other than vaginal itching.

Brain fog, depression, indigenstion, dizziness, headaches, and a persistent cough can all be the result of Candidiasis. See your doctor initially, but perhaps you might also like to consider seeing a nutritionalist. (Iman)

Sexually Transmitted Disease - Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis, or a yeast infection as it is also known, can have distressing symptoms and it can even be a great hurdle in many women’s lives. This is due to the fact that the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis simply can’t be ignored.

Things like unbearable itching, a burning sensation of the irritated area, painful sexual intercourse, pain during urination, yeasty smelling or cottage cheese-like discharge, and a rash are all indications that you might be suffering from a yeast infection, or bacterial vaginosis.

It doesn’t have to follow of course that what you have is a yeast infection, but these are all good indicators. If you feel that you might have a yeast infection, there are a few things that you might want to do first.

Consulting a trained medical physician should be the first order of the day if this is the first time you have ever had a yeast infection. If your bacterial vaginosis is recurrent then you always have the option of treating it yourself through one of the many home remedies.

Another thing that you might want to look into doing if you believe that you have bacterial vaginosis is to abstain from sexual intercourse as your partner might also contract this infection. Although bacterial vaginosis isn’t a sexually transmitted disease, it can be transferred from one partner to the other through sexual intercourse.

Since bacterial vaginosis can be recurrent in some women, it’s always best to know what the causes are of this particular infection. By knowing this information you then have the option of being able to take preventative measures and steps to help stop the recurrence of a yeast infection.

Causes of bacterial vaginosis can include hormonal imbalance and things leading to a hormonal imbalance like pregnancy, menopause, and menstruation. All of these can lead to a bodily imbalance which in turn can lead to bacterial vaginosis.

There are also those factors which can throw the pH balance of the vagina out of synch. When this happens the yeast inducing bacteria can have free reign to thrive in the vagina.

These factors include the use of douches or feminine sprays, the use of scented feminine hygiene products, the use of spermicides, and prolonged contact with semen.

There are also other factors to take in such as the prolonged use of antibiotics, birth control pills, stress, and even certain types of clothing such as too-tight jeans and wet bathing suits.

As you can see bacterial vaginosis can arise as a result of many factors, but if you take care to avoid most of these, you should be able to prevent bacterial vaginosis from occurring or even recurring.

What are the treatments?

Since the disease is caused by bacteria therefore treatment for bacterial vaginosis is using antibiotics. Not many antibiotics are used routinely. Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a very affective antibiotic which is taken either by oral (pill) or by vaginal metronidazole gel (Metrogel). The vaginal clindamycin cream (Cleocin) is also available.

The oral metronidazole is believed to be the best and most effective treatment but may cause minor and unpleasant side effects. Typically the gel does not cause side effect, but yeast vaginitis can happen as a side effect of the medication.

If you are looking for an antibiotic with fewer side effects then tinidazole is the one, an antibiotic that appears to have lesser side effects compared with metronidazole and is effective in bacterial vaginosis treatment.

There is the possibility of bacterial vaginosis Recurrence even after a successful treatment. Recurrence happens in more than half of the treated patients within 12 months. The reason is unclear. Due to appearance of recurrent symptoms, second course of antibiotic treatment is recommended.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease - The Prevalences

Sexually Transmitted Disease incidence rates remain high in most of the world, despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances that can rapidly render patients with many Sexually Transmitted Diseases noninfectious and cure most.

In many cultures, changing sexual morals and oral contraceptive use have eliminated traditional sexual restraints.

Additionally, development and spread of drug-resistant bacteria (e.g., penicillin-resistant gonococci) makes some Sexually Transmitted Disease harder to cure.

Commonly reported prevalences of Sexually Transmitted Infection among sexually active adolescent girls both with and without lower genital tract symptoms include chlamydia trachomatis (10 to 25%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (3 to 18%), syphilis (0 to 3%), Trichomonas vaginalis (8 to 16%), and herpes simplex virus (2 to 12%).

In 1996, WHO estimated that more than 1 million people were being infected daily.

About 60% of these infections occur in young people.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)

Sexually Transmitted Disease - How To Prevent

Prevention is the key in addressing incurable Sexually Transmitted Infection, such as HIV & herpes.

Vaccines are available that protect against some viral Sexually Transmitted Infection, such as Hepatitis B and some types of HPV.

Vaccination before initiation of sexual contact is advised to assure maximal protection.

The most effective way to prevent sexual transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infection is to avoid contact of body parts or fluids which can lead to transfer, not necessarily any sexual activity with an infected partner.

Ideally, both partners should get tested for Sexually Transmitted Infection before initiating sexual contact, or before resuming contact if a partner engaged in contact with someone else.

Certain Sexually Transmitted Infection, particularly certain persistent viruses like HPV, may be impossible to detect with current medical procedures.


Condoms
Condoms only provide protection when used properly as a barrier, and only to and from the area that it covers. Uncovered areas are still susceptible to many STDs. In the case of HIV, sexual transmission routes almost always involve the penis, as HIV cannot spread through unbroken skin, thus properly shielding the insertive penis with a properly worn condom from the vagina and anus effectively stops HIV transmission.

Proper usage entails:

• Not putting the condom on too tight at the end, and leaving 1.5 cm (3/4 inch) room at the tip for ejaculation. Putting the condom on snug can and often does lead to failure.


• Wearing a condom too loose can defeat the barrier.


• Avoiding inverting, spilling a condom once worn, whether it has ejaculate in it or not, even for a second.


• Avoiding condoms made of substances other than latex or polyurethane, as they don't protect against HIV.


• Avoiding the use of oil based lubricants (or anything with oil in it) with latex condoms, as oil can eat holes into them.


• Using flavored condoms for oral sex only, as the sugar in the flavoring can lead to yeast infections if used to penetrate.

(Iman-From The Best Solution Provider)